Galatia 2:8

2:8 (for he who empowered ¹  Peter for his apostleship ²  to the circumcised ³  also empowered me for my apostleship to the Gentiles) ⁴ 

Galatia 2:19

2:19 For through the law I died to the law so that I may live to God.

Galatia 3:2

3:2 The only thing I want to learn from you is this: Did you receive the Spirit by doing the works of the law ⁵  or by believing what you heard? ⁶ 

Galatia 3:5

3:5 Does God then give ⁷  you the Spirit and work miracles among you by your doing the works of the law ⁸  or by your believing what you heard? ⁹ 

Galatia 4:7

4:7 So you are no longer a slave but a son, and if you are ¹⁰  a son, then you are also an heir through God. ¹¹ 

Galatia 6:12

6:12 Those who want to make a good showing in external matters ¹²  are trying to force you to be circumcised. They do so ¹³  only to avoid being persecuted ¹⁴  for the cross of Christ.

[2:8]  ¹ tn Or “worked through”; the same word is also used in relation to Paul later in this verse.

[2:8]  ² tn Or “his ministry as an apostle.”

[2:8]  ³ tn Grk “to the circumcision,” i.e., the Jewish people.

[2:8]  ⁴ tn Grk “also empowered me to the Gentiles.”

[3:2]  ⁵ tn Grk “by [the] works of [the] law,” a reference to observing the Mosaic law.

[3:2]  ⁶ tn Grk “by [the] hearing of faith.”

[3:5]  ⁷ tn Or “provide.”

[3:5]  ⁸ tn Grk “by [the] works of [the] law” (the same phrase as in v. 2).

[3:5]  ⁹ tn Grk “by [the] hearing of faith” (the same phrase as in v. 2).

[4:7]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “and if a son, then also an heir.” The words “you are” have been supplied twice to clarify the statement.

[4:7]  ¹¹ tc The unusual expression διὰ θεοῦ (dia qeou, “through God”) certainly prompted scribes to alter it to more customary or theologically acceptable ones such as διὰ θεόν (dia qeon, “because of God”; F G 1881 pc), διὰ Χριστοῦ (dia Cristou, “through Christ”; 81 630 pc sa), διὰ ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (dia Ihsou Cristou, “through Jesus Christ”; 1739^c), θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ (“[an heir] of God through Christ”; א² C³ D [P] 0278 [6 326 1505] Ï ar sy), or κληρονόμος μὲν θεοῦ, συγκληρονόμος δὲ Χριστοῦ (klhronomo" men qeou, sugklhronomo" de Cristou, “an heir of God, and fellow-heir with Christ”; Ψ pc [cf. Rom 8:17]). Although it is unusual for Paul to speak of God as an intermediate agent, it is not unprecedented (cf. Gal 1:1; 1 Cor 1:9). Nevertheless, Gal 4:7 is the most direct statement to this effect. Further testimony on behalf of διὰ θεοῦ is to be found in external evidence: The witnesses with this phrase are among the most important in the NT (Ì⁴⁶ א* A B C* 33 1739*^vid lat bo Cl).

[6:12]  ¹² tn Grk “in the flesh.” L&N 88.236 translates the phrase “those who force you to be circumcised are those who wish to make a good showing in external matters.”

[6:12]  ¹³ tn Grk “to be circumcised, only.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started with the words “They do so,” which were supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[6:12]  ¹⁴ tc ‡ Grk “so that they will not be persecuted.” The indicative after ἵνα μή (Jina mh) is unusual (though not unexampled elsewhere in the NT), making it the harder reading. The evidence is fairly evenly split between the indicative διώκονται (diwkontai; Ì⁴⁶ A C F G K L P 0278 6 81 104 326 629 1175 1505 pm) and the subjunctive διώκωνται (diwkwntai; א B D Ψ 33 365 1739 pm), with a slight preference for the subjunctive. However, since scribes would tend to change the indicative to a subjunctive due to syntactical requirements, the internal evidence is decidedly on the side of the indicative, suggesting that it is original.